Articles of plastics and articles of other materials of heading 3901 to 3914, n.e.s. waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous mineralsĪrticles of plastics and articles of other. Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits, e.g., switches, relays, fuses, surge suppressors, plugs, sockets, lamp-holders and junction boxes, for a voltage = 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s. artificial kidneys)Įlectrical apparatus for switching or protecting. those for isotope separation) filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus, for liquids or gases parts thereof (excl. Automatic data processing machines and units thereof magnetic or optical readers, machines for transcribing data onto data media in coded form and machines for processing such data, n.e.s.Ĭentrifuges, incl. Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter parts thereofĪutomatic data processing machines and units. Machines and mechanical appliances having. scintigraphic apparatus, other electro-medical apparatus and sight-testing instruments, n.e.s. Instruments and appliances used in medical, surgical, dental or veterinary sciences, incl. Instruments and appliances used in medical. satellites, and suborbital and spacecraft launch vehicles helicopters and aeroplanes spacecraft, incl. Human blood animal blood prepared for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic uses antisera and other blood fractions and modified immunological products, whether or not obtained by means of biotechnological processes vaccines, toxins, cultures of micro-organisms (excl. Human blood animal blood prepared for therapeutic. Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles of heading 8701 to 8705, n.e.s. Parts and accessories for tractors, motor vehicles. those in the form of transdermal administration or in forms or packings for retail sale (excl. Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses incl. Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed. Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally. In regards to Germany’s vast trade surplus, since 2014 the European Commission has encouraged the country to favour internal demand dynamics instead of exports, in order to mitigate the existing “macroeconomic imbalance” in the EU (as per the Commission rules, EU countries should not have an external trade surplus of more than 6% of their GDP).ġ,382.9 bn USD of products exported in 2020 However, the country’s trade balance is structurally positive: in 2020, Germany’s current account surplus declined again, falling to 7% of GDP, but remained the highest ratio in the world (second in nominal terms, after China). Germany is a net importer of commercial services: in 2020, the country exported USD 305 billion worth of services, while imports were slightly higher, at USD 307 billion. Germany’s surplus from trade in goods in 2020 contrasted with a deficit from trade in services: the country exported goods worth USD 1.380 billion (a decrease of 7.3% year-on-year), importing a total of USD 1.170 billion (-5.1% - WTO). Germany continues to be the “most open” economy of the G7 countries. Imports came chiefly from China (11.4%), ahead of the Netherlands and the U.S. remained Germany’s most important export market in 2020, followed closely by China (8%), France (7.5%) and the Netherlands (6.4%).
Accounting for 8.6% of German exports, the U.S. Germany’s primary trade partner is the European Union which accounted for 67.1% of exports and 65.3% of imports (BMWi). The main imported goods were computer/electrical and optical equipment (11.2%), vehicles and vehicle parts (10.8%), chemical products (7.8%), machinery (7.7%), electrical equipment (6.5%) and pharmaceuticals and similar products (6.3% - BMWi). In 2020, the four largest groups of exported goods made up almost half of the country’s exports: vehicles and vehicle parts (15.5%), machinery (14.5%), chemical products (9.3%) and computer/electrical and optical equipment (9.1%). The country is by far the world’s largest exporter of automobiles (19.3% of total exported cars worldwide). Trade represents 81% of Germany’s GDP (World Bank 2020, down from 87.6% one year earlier), and the country is both the world’s third-largest importer and exporter.